Integration Of Pca And K-Means Clustering For Staple Food Segmentation In Support Of National Food Policy
DOI:
10.33395/sinkron.v9i4.15343Keywords:
PCA, K-Means, regional segmentation, staple foods, IndonesiaAbstract
This study aims to develop cross-provincial staple-food segmentation by integrating Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and K-Means to support policy formation. The dataset comprises 2023 staple-food consumption for 34 Indonesian provinces across six indicators from BPS/SUSENAS. All indicators were standardized using z-score, reduced via PCA, and the resulting component scores were used as inputs to K-Means. Three components (PC1–PC3) explained 73.86% of the variance and captured shifts between sweet/animal-based vs. plant foods, fatty or animal-based grains, and the energy contribution of fat. The optimal number of clusters was determined as k = 3, yielding Silhouette = 0.466 and DBI = 0.733, indicating sufficiently compact and well-separated groups. The results reveal three segments: the first group consists of 11 provinces that are predominantly plant-based with low sugar and low animal-based consumption; the second group includes 13 provinces characterized by high animal-based and high-fat consumption; and the third group comprises 10 provinces with low-fat diets and fresh plant-based consumption. Stability checks on initialization and a leave-one-feature-out procedure confirmed consistent assignments. This fills an empirical gap: to our knowledge, no prior research integrates PCA with K-Means for cross-provincial staple-food segmentation in Indonesia while also reporting internal validation. Practically, the study provides operational segmentation to support food-security interventions moving beyond composite indices toward actionable targeting for production support, supply/price stabilization, and improved nutritional access thereby reframing IKP/FSVA from index-ranking to evidence-based segmentation.
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