Evaluation of MobileNet-Based Deep Features for Yogyakarta Traditional Batik Motif Classification

Abstract

Batik is an Indonesian intangible cultural heritage that embodies profound philosophical, aesthetic, and cultural values. Yogyakarta batik motifs, such as Parang, Kawung, and Truntum, reflect Javanese wisdom and identity through distinctive geometric and floral patterns. In the digital era, artificial intelligence based image processing provides a promising approach to support the preservation and automatic recognition of traditional batik motifs. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of MobileNet-based feature extraction combined with Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification for Yogyakarta batik motif recognition. The proposed method employs MobileNet as a convolutional feature extractor and SVM as a decision model to separate motif classes in the feature space. Experiments were conducted on 685 batik images consisting of three motif classes, with class imbalance handled using Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). Model performance was evaluated using weighted accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score under five-fold cross validation. The results show that MobileNetV3Large achieved the best performance with a weighted accuracy of 98.36%, followed by MobileNetV3Small and MobileNetV4Small. Statistical significance tests using the Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-rank analysis confirm that the performance differences among the evaluated models are statistically significant. These findings indicate that MobileNetV3 architectures provide robust and discriminative feature representations for batik motif classification on limited yet structured datasets. This study contributes a validated MobileNet–SVM framework for batik recognition and supports ongoing efforts in the digital preservation of Indonesia’s cultural heritage. Future work will explore larger motif sets and cross-dataset evaluation to further improve generalization performance.

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