The Development, Trends, and Challenges of Smart Mosque Research: A Systematic Literature Review 2021–2026
DOI:
10.33395/sinkron.v10i4.16768Keywords:
artificial intelligence, energy efficiency, inclusivity, Internet of Things, smart mosqueAbstract
Smart Mosque research has expanded from energy efficiency and building automation toward wider digital services involving artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, data management, operational security, and inclusivity. Objective: This study maps the development, trends, and challenges of Smart Mosque research published between 2021 and 2026 using a Context-Technology-Impact framework. Methods: A PRISMA 2020-guided systematic literature review was conducted using reproducible PubMed and Crossref searches and second-reviewer validation. Records were screened against mosque/masjid or Hajj/Umrah technology relevance, assessed using an eight-item quality-appraisal instrument, and classified by evidence-access status. Results: The search produced 1,664 exported records and 870 records after deduplication. After staged screening, second-reviewer validation, and excluded-sample consensus, 72 records were retained, consisting of 10 full-text confirmed records and 62 limited-access/provisional records. The evidence shows four dominant directions: artificial intelligence for operational security and Hajj/Umrah crowd monitoring, energy and sustainability systems, Internet of Things and automation, and digital mosque-management platforms. Conclusion: Smart Mosque research is developing into a broader digital-operational ecosystem, but the evidence remains methodologically uneven because many records were available only at abstract or limited-access level and 2026 data were partial up to August 2026. Future studies should prioritize full-text-verifiable empirical research, multi-site evaluation, system reliability, user-centered assessment, privacy and data governance, and inclusive digital services.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Jamrud Aminuddin, Safiq, Kartika Sari
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